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Three forms and meanings abstracted by the founder of Confucianism
Author: Changda (Beijing Major Philosophy Department)
Source: “Opening Times” 2020 Issue 2
Time: Confucius was in the 2570s and the fourth day of the third month of the Gengzi
Ji
� As the saying goes, “things have their roots and ends, and things have their beginnings.” The word “start” often has the most basic nature in logic and the most basic value. As the beginning of life and the beginning of human nature, the originator’s abstraction contains the main theoretical meanings and is more related to the focus of Confucianism and systemic system. This article develops from three forms: the ancestor of inspiration, the ancestor of the founder, and the ancestor of the life, and traces the characteristics of the abstraction of the ancestor, and tries to understand the differences in the construction of the Confucian country through this discussion.
【Keywords】The originator, the human race, the country
For modern people, ancestors are just a tablet that records family history, or an unpredictable saying from the elders, which seems to have little impact on our real life. But in the eyes of traditional Confucianism, as “The Book of Quotes: Suburbs” says, “All things are based on heaven, and people are based on ancestors”. How “the origin is based on ancestors” is related to the major problems of people’s hearts and politics. As the beginning of the ancestral relationship, the main position of the originator is not only limited to the family, but is also in the political system now. The various sacrifices of the sacrificial temples, suburban sacrifices, and Mingtang are closely related to the ancestors. It is precisely because modern scholars tend to internalize the originator’s image into the gift-making problem, and deeply explore specific implementation details and historical disputes. ② Of course, this helps us to understand the changes in the history of the originator’s history, but it also lacks a complete perspective on the abstraction of the originator because it is often limited to a certain period or event. This article’s test focuses on the theoretical concept of the originator’s abstraction, in order to have a clear grasp of the theoretical meaning of the originator’s abstraction in Confucianism.
1. “Sense of Life” and “Powering Honor” – Two aspects of the ancestor of life
The wide application of the concept of origin began in the Han Dynasty. In terms of nature, the meaning of the late ancestors can be divided into two categories: one is mostly seen in historical records, mainly to identify the origin of a certain lineage, and has a clear indication, such as Qi and Houji, which are the ancestors of Shang and Zhou; the other category is distributed in the six annotations, mostly referring to the last far-reaching ancestors of each country and clan, and is related to the clan and memorial service. The originator of Confucianism has very few connotations. According to the “Thirteen Notes and Comments” and the article (including Scriptures and Notes) clearly put forward the word “Achievement” in the article (including Scriptures and Notes) only in the “Jingfeng·Jingfu”:
Birds and birds have a deep understanding of their mother but not their father. The savage said: What is the parents’ place? The people in the capital know that they are respected. The great masters and scholars know that they respect their ancestors. The Marquis andThe great ancestors, the emperor and his ancestors, are the nobles and the humble ones. ③
From father, ancestor, and ancestor to ancestor, “The Legend of the Condor Heroes” uses the constantly promoted paternal system to connect a set of methods of honor. In this set of laws, the higher the moral level, the longer the higher the chastity. Therefore, as the co-rule of the whole country, the emperor should be attributed to his originator. “The Uncomfort” does not clearly state how the emperor respects the ancestors, but combined with other essays, it can be seen that the suburbs should refer to the ancestors to match the heavens:
The king gave his ancestors his own origins and matched them with his ancestors. ④ (“Travels·Big Evangelion”)
All things are from heaven, and man is from ancestors. This is why they are matched with God. It is a sacrifice in the suburbs, and it is the beginning of the big report. ⑤ (“Letter Notes·Jiao Special Saint”)
The Master said: “The nature of Liuhe is precious. People do not have filial piety than filial piety, and filial piety is greater than stern father, and stern father is greater than competing with heaven. Zhou Gong used to worship Hou Ji to competing with heaven, and worship King Wen to competing with heaven in Mingtang to competing with God.” ⑥ (“Filial Piety·Section 9”)
“How can the subway sacrifice to Ji? The king must match his ancestors.” ⑦ (“Gongyang Bi·The Third Year of Xuan Gong”)
“Compared with this, using subway sacrifice to competing with heaven to explain the emperor’s actions of respecting his ancestors, and it has also become a common understanding of later generations. But at the same time, the news has not clearly explained why the gift of offering sacrifices to heaven must be enjoyed by the founder? The truth behind this problem is related to the special nature of the emperor’s ancestor – the “ancestor of life”. What is interesting is that this problem is always related to two thoughts.
“Sensation” is a unique trend of thought in the Han Dynasty, and its influence spreads to various fields such as politics and civilization. Regarding the problem of suburban sacrifice, Zheng Xuan used “the originator’s life” as the main reason for matching the sky. The image of “Book-scented Beauty” is noted. As one of the background characters, Ye Qiuguan said in the “Quan Ji·Biography”: “The ancestors of the ancestors were born from, and they were worshipped in the suburbs of heaven. The ancestors of the king all felt the essence of the five emperors, and they were born with the power of the soul, and they were angry, and they were filled with the charm of the yellow monks. The white monks and white boys were rejected, and the black monks and the juice was bright. They were all worshipped in the suburbs of the first month of the year, and they were particularly respected. “The Filial Piece” says, “The suburbs of worship Houji to match the sky, and they were matched with the power of the spirit.” ⑧ Also notes “Quan Ji·Bifu Xiaobi” says: “The ancestors were born with the spirit of the gods, and sacrificed to the sky with the ancestors. Baozhuang it is seen that Zheng Xuan’s “sense of life” is divided into two layers: one is that “Heaven” is not a general term, but represents the Five Emperors of Taiwei; the other is that the ancestor Wufu was born in the sky. According to books such as “Yuan Mingbao”, “Wen Qinghua.org/Carol/”>Baocai.comYaocai”, “Danqiu Duration” and other books, each dynasty has its own corresponding relationship.In one place, King Wen of Zhou received the essence of the dragon, and his spiritual power was suppose to Emperor Zhu. Therefore, the “Heaven” that was matched by the suburbs of the Zhou Dynasty refers to the spiritual power. According to the “Pen” , Hou Ji, as the founder of Zhou, was born from his mother Jiang Yan, who was the “Sacred Mother who touched the sky and gave birth to a son.” Although Jiang Yan’s husband was the emperor, Hou Ji was not the son of the emperor, but the son of the Emperor of Heaven. In this way, Zheng Xuan relied on the “Sheng Sheng Saying” to perfectly explain the reason why Zhou Gong used the originator Hou Ji to comply with the sky. Moreover, he also extended this example to the generalization, and said politely when annotating the article “Jian Rong·Yu Fu”: “The ancestors were born with spirits, such as Ji and Qi.” 10 Therefore, all the ancestors of the emperors were born with heaven.
The psychological theory of sentiment is not unique to Zheng Xuan. According to the “Five Evolutions” of the “Pen” of Qi, Lu, and Korean, and Gongyang families, all believe that “the sages have no father, and are born from heaven”11. Zheng Xuan combined the originator and the inspiration to find a final point for the paternal system and set this final point on the gods. From this, the originator was not only limited to the secular father-son ethics, but also possessed the sacredness and authority of heaven. Only the sacred ancestor can play the role of the world that connects the heavens and the people of the country. It can be seen that in the “sense of life”, the “start” of the ancestors is the beginning of blood, and it is not only the beginning of the dynasty’s compliance with the laws, but also the destiny of the entire dynasty. The emperor
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